Functional and Safety Challenges of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems for Application in Electrified Regional Aircraft

Abstract This paper identifies potential weaknesses and challenges of hydrogen fuel cell systems as main energy provider for electrified aircraft propulsion presents solutions. The general design, operating principles characteristics hydrogen-fuelled low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEMFCSs) are described. safety assessment process in aviation according to Aerospace Recommended Practices ARP4754A selected methods ARP4761 introduced. functions powertrains analysed functional structure trees on aircraft, powertrain system level. By means a Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA), malfunctions their effects investigated severity is evaluated. Critical failure modes identified requirements acceptable probabilities stipulated. Solution options mitigate stated. results the mentioned analyses reveal design associated with application propulsion, instance, concerning independence well solutions cold start conditions, heat transfer lightweight design. Furthermore, arise due utilisation cryogenic high amount electric energy.